Penetration Testing – How It Works, How Long It Takes, and What to Expect
Penetration testing identifies security vulnerabilities in your IT system. In this article, you'll learn how the testing process works, how long it takes, which methodologies are used, and what you can expect as a result – including actionable recommendations to enhance security and ensure compliance with regulations such as the NIS2 Directive.
What Is Penetration Testing?
Penetration testing (also known as pentesting) is a simulated cyberattack against an IT system designed to identify security vulnerabilities before they can be exploited. These tests are carried out by certified professionals using industry-standard tools and a structured methodology to thoroughly assess the security of your environment.
Testing typically includes multiple layers of analysis – from technical components to organizational processes – and concludes with a comprehensive report that outlines key findings and actionable recommendations. The most common methodologies used include OWASP, PTES, and OSSTMM, and pentests are increasingly used as part of compliance preparation for frameworks like NIS2.
How is penetration testing conducted?
The process is carried out in several key phases:
1.Planning and Scoping:
Define what will be tested (e.g., web applications, servers, network infrastructure), set objectives, boundaries, and a timeline.
2.Information gathering:
Testers collect as much information as possible about the system, either through open-source intelligence (OSINT) or in cooperation with the client.
3.System analysis:
A deep assessment of the system is performed, including physical and remote access, configuration review, and service exposure.
4.Attack simulation:
Various tools and techniques are used to simulate real-world attacks, identify vulnerabilities, attempt exploitation, and escalate privileges where possible.
5.Reporting and recommendations:
A detailed report is compiled, highlighting discovered vulnerabilities, associated risk levels, examples of potential exploitation, and clear recommendations for remediation.
How long does it take?
The duration of a penetration test depends on the complexity and size of the system:
- Smaller systems and applications: Typically take 1 to 3 days.
- Larger, more complex environments: May require 1 to 2 weeks.
- Reporting and debrief: An additional 1 to 3 working days is usually needed to finalize the report and present findings to the client.
What is the outcome?
The primary deliverable is a clear and comprehensive report that helps the client understand current security gaps and prioritize improvements. The report includes:
- A list of identified vulnerabilities
- Risk assessment for each issue
- Real-world exploitation scenarios
- Step-by-step remediation recommendations
- An overall security risk evaluation
Common vulnerabilities include default passwords, unnecessary open ports, outdated protocols or software, and direct database access exposed to the internet without a VPN.
Armed with these insights, clients can proactively strengthen their defenses and reduce the risk of falling victim to cyberattacks.
How often should you perform a penetration test?
For optimal protection, it's recommended to perform a penetration test at least once a year, and always after major infrastructure changes or the launch of new applications.
Get in Touch
If you'd like to learn more about penetration testing or schedule an assessment for your system, feel free to contact us. Our team of experts is ready to answer your questions and help you safeguard your business.
